South Africa eyes total ban on plastic microbeads

South Africa is one step closer to prohibiting the production, distribution, sale, import, and export of plastic microbeads and products containing them.

This comes after the Minister of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, Dr Dion George, published draft regulations on 7 August, “marking a significant stride in the nation’s battle against plastic pollution,” he said

Microbeads are tiny plastic particles, usually less than 5mm across, used in various products. They are commonly found in cosmetics, personal care items, toiletries, and other products designed for exfoliation or scrubbing. 

Due to their small size and inability to be filtered out by wastewater treatment, they often end up in waterways and oceans, where they can persist for a long time and potentially harm aquatic life. 

A study published in the South African Journal of Science reviewed plastic pollution in South African marine and freshwater environments, focusing on microplastics, including microbeads.

Microplastics were found in the guts of various species (sharks, fish, turtles, birds, mammals), with increasing diversity of plastic types over time.

They were also detected in salt (1-3 particles per kg) and dried fish like bokkoms, indicating potential human consumption risks.

“Plastic microbeads may be small, but their impact on our oceans and wildlife is immense. By banning them, we are not only preserving biodiversity but also ensuring a healthier future for generations to come,” said George.

These proposed regulations, issued under the National Environmental Management Act, seek to totally eliminate the use of plastic microbeads in South Africa.

Once enacted, the rules will impose a blanket prohibition on these microbeads, with provisions for monitoring, evaluation, and strict penalties for non-compliance.

This includes fines up to R10 million or imprisonment for up to 20 years in cases of repeated offences.

“The regulations underscore South Africa’s commitment to safeguarding marine ecosystems, rivers, and soils from the pervasive harm caused by these non-biodegradable pollutants, which often enter waterways through wastewater and accumulate in food chains,” said the Department.

A transitional phase allows existing stocks to be phased out over 24 months, requiring affected parties to notify the Director-General and submit phase-out plans.

“This is a pivotal moment in our ongoing efforts to protect South Africa’s precious natural heritage from the scourge of plastic pollution,” said George, urging stakeholders to engage with the regulatory process.

The public is invited to submit written comments on the draft regulations within 30 days from the date of publication in the Government Gazette.

Submissions can be sent by post to the Director-General, Attention: Mr Jeremia Sibande, Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, Private Bag X447, Pretoria, 0001; by hand at Environment House, 473 Steve Biko Road, Arcadia, Pretoria; or by email to [email protected].